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INTRODUCTION
India & Pakistan relations have always been a matter of concern because of a number of political & historical events. Numerous military conflicts have always been a problem for both sides. Since that black watch time of 1947 where a world leading country got split into 2 parts. Since then both of the countries are facing problems.
Now let us deal with all the points which both of the sides faced since 1947.
The partition
J&K Imbroglio
INDO -PAK war (J&K) 1947-48
Sir Creek Conflict
1965 war
1971 war
1984 Siachen
1999 Kargil war
The Fence 1990-2004
Surgical Strike
Post Wani scenario
But before starting with these topics, let us discuss about with
PAK PUPPET DEMOCRACY This actually means that the democracy in Pakistan works under the hands of COAS(chief of army staff). The decisions taken by Pakistan’s government directly or indirectly are passed by the convenience of the COAS.
Year – 1958 PM – Feroz Khan Noon COAS(chief of army staff) – General Ayub khan
Year – 1977 PM – Zulfikar Ali Bhutto COAS – General Zia-ul-Haq
YEAR – 1999 PM – Nawaz sharif COAS – General Khawaja Ziauddin Abbasi
THE PARTITION
The Partition of India was the division of British India on 18th july 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan.
The words of Lord Mountbatten
“To my great regret it has been impossible to obtain agreement either on the Cabinet Mission Plan, or any plan that would preserve the unity of India. But there can be no question of coercing any large areas in which one community has a majority to live against their will under a government in which another community has a majority. And the only alternative to coercion is partition.”
Gave rise to the ever deadly separation of a country in the world history. It is estimated that around 1–2 million people died during the partition of British India. The most violent clauses were centred around Punjab where the Muslim population of East Punjab was forcibly expelled and the Hindu/Sikh population in West Punjab.
J&K IMBROGLIO
The ongoing problem of jammu & kashmir is existing since the time when Kashmir accepted to be an independent nation.
Kashmir has always been under a monarch rule. Maharaja Hari Singh was the king of kashmir at the time of partition. Due to the ongoing events of India & Pakistan at that time Kashmir was also given a chance to join any of the 2 countries, where it accepted to be an independent nation.
But this decision was not acceptable for Pakistan, later within those dates Pakistan forcefully tried to occupy Kashmir. Lashkar militants worked hand in hand, these tribes of Waziristan were armed by Pakistan, which later occupied 60% of J&K.
As a matter of total distruction Maharaja Hari Singh approached India for help at that situation. But India cannot even try to help Kashmir till Kashmir accepts to be a part of India.
Then ” The Instrument of Accession” a legal document executed by Maharaja Hari Singh, ruler of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir came into existance, on 26 October 1947. By executing this document under the provisions of the Indian Independence Act 1947, Maharaja Hari Singh agreed to accede to the Dominion of India.
This Instrument of Accession gave the people of kashmir the special provision of –Article 370 -Plebiscite(voting by kashmir people where they all want to live as in BREXIT)
(I think this is enough to answer why do we have special provisions for kashmir) (Now answer in comments why INDIA is not holding a plebiscite in kashmir?)
INDIA PAKISTAN War (J&K) 1947-1948
Then the attack on Kashmir was considered as an attack on India & the militants were thrown away to 10% to 20% of the region. This center imaginary border was later changed to LOC(line of cantrol).
On 1 Jan 1949 India approached UN to stop the quarrel act of pakistan. On 6th jan 1949 it was the call for cease fire & the time for existance of LOC.
SIR CREEK CONFLICT
Sir Creek is a 96 km tidal estuary on the border of India and Pakistan. The creek, which opens up into the Arabian Sea, divides the Gujarat state of India from the Sindh province of Pakistan. At the time of partition, boundary here was not demarcated and since then, Pakistan has claimed the entire creek.
Sir Creek Issue: A Cartographic Dilemma
The map of the region was chalked out in 1925 and in this map, a ‘green riband was shown to the east of the Creek’. Pakistan says that this ‘Green Line’ is the marked boundary between Sindh and Kutch, and argued that the Creek belonged to Sindh.
India countered, saying the depiction was part of ‘normal cartographic practice’ and should not be used to make any territorial claims.Thus, this dispute is a classic example of cartographic dilemma. Till 1954, the borders around Sir Creek were virtually open and there was a free movement of people and material from both sides. After 1954, the countries started rigid stances on borders and a controversy evolved around Sir Creek. Till 1968, India and Pakistan were competing each other to provide historical evidence that it belonged to them.
Importance of Sir Creek
The strategic or military importance of Sir Creek is little. The core importance of the Sir Creek is because of the fishing resources. Sir Creek is considered to be one of the largest Fishing grounds in Asia. Further, immense potential economic benefits as the marshlands are estimated to be rich in hydrocarbons and shale gas, is another importance of Sir Creek.
What is going to happen? If Sir Creek is to be treated as a water border, it must be divided according to international laws that govern such boundaries. Further, if India gives up control of the Creek, there is no guarantee that Pakistan would not claim any new territory in the sector, particularly when some oil or gas resource is discovered. Thus, despite being a small issue, it does not solve due to trust deficit.
1965 WAR
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was a culmination of skirmishes that took place between April 1965 and September 1965 between Pakistan and India.
Whereas both the nations claim to won that war. Obviously after lossing thousands of soldiers from both the sides no one is going to say we lost. Stats of lossing tanks & and soldiers from both sides have always been challanged by other.
1971 WAR
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military confrontation between India and Pakistan that occurred during the liberation war in East Pakistan from 3 December 1971 to the fall of Dacca on 16 December 1971.
This war ended with the surrender of Pakistan military command. Western front (Decisive Indian victory. Eastern front), in the presence of India’s Lt. Gen. Jagjit Singh Aurora.
the surrender, that Indian Army accepted was approximately ~90,000 Pakistani servicemen and their Bengali supporters as POWs, making it largest surrender since the World War II.
1984 SIACHEN
The Siachen conflict, sometimes referred to as the Siachen War, is a military conflict between India and Pakistan over the disputed Siachen Glacier region in Kashmir.
The conflict began in 1984 with India‘s successful Operation Meghdoot during which it gained control over all of the Siachen Glacier (unoccupied and undemarcated area). India has established control over all of the 70-kilometre-long (43 mi) Siachen Glacier and all of its tributary glaciers, as well as the three main passes of the Saltoro Ridge immediately west of the glacier—Sia La, Bilafond La, and Gyong La. Pakistan controls the glacial valleys
According to TIME magazine, India gained more than 1,000 square miles (3,000 km2) of territory because of its military operations in Siachen.
1999 KARGIL
The Kargil War, also known as the Kargil conflict, was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan that took place between May and July 1999 in the Kargil district of Kashmir and elsewhere along the Line of Control.
What led to the war During the first week of May 1999, India received reports of infiltrators from across the border coming into Kargil occupying it. The security forces initially thought they were Mujahideen, but they soon realized that it was the Pakistani army that had occupied some of the posts. In reaction to the infiltration, India launched Operation Vijay to drive the Pakistani troops out of Kargil and guess what was Pakistan’s agenda? Kashmir.
On July 26, 18 years ago that the Indian Army recaptured all the Indian posts in Kargil that had been occupied by Pakistan’s army. Since then, this day has been observed annually to commemorate the sacrifices made by soldiers in this war.
The war began in May 1999 and went on for two months. By July, the Indian forces emerged victorious in the war and the Pakistani intruders were completely evicted.
THE FENCE 1990-2004
This is act of completely sealing the border in most of the regions, for the country men to feel safe within the fenced region. But this actually led to a no. Of problems,the people living near to the fence were now safe from intruders but could never go back to plough on their lands which were on the other side of the fence. It has been reported many times that the border fencing is still not finished.
It was officially said that the work with the fence was completed in 2004.
SURGICAL STRIKE
Actually the latest and the most deadly attack by Indian Army aiming it to neutralise the front with minimum damage to the people.
Why this step was taken?
• Pakistan army men were sitting in terror launch-pads near the LoC. After so many wars India was not ready to face one more “prevention is always better than cure”.
• India waited for signals of diplomatic intent, which never came from Pakistan.
• 20 infiltration attempts from across the border has been foiled in 2016 alone.
• At least 17 terror camps are operating in PoK with intent to push terror into India.
• 3,370 Indian security personnel been martyred since Kargil by Pakistan-sponsored terror.
• 5,265 innocent civilians have been killed since Kargil by Pakistan-sponsored terror.
• Pakistan–run terror camps in PoK means Pakistan-sponsored terror on our territory.
• Message of intent had to be sent to Islamabad for brazenness in backing terror.
Words for Army Chief General Bipin Rawat “The strike was a message we wanted to communicate to them and they have understood what we mean…that things could follow up, if required”
However, General Rawat also said that “terrorists will keep coming because the (terror) camps are operational there (across the LoC).”
After years of terror strikes supported by Pakistan, the Indian Army has hit back with a surgical strike that caused heavy casualties including 2 Pakistani soldiers, and destroyed seven terror camps. Latest imagery suggests that the number of casualties of terrorists across the LoC is around 50.
POST–WANI SCENARIO
It started with the killing of Burhan Wani, a commander of the Kashmir-based Islamic militant organisation Hizbul Mujahideen, by Indian security forces on 8 July 2016. After his killing, anti-Indian protests started in all 10 districts of the Kashmir Valley. Protesters defied curfew with attacks on security forces and public properties.
Kashmir valley remained under 53 days of consecutive curfew which was lifted from all areas on 31 August,however was reimposed in some areas the next day. Jammu and Kashmir Police and Indian paramilitary forces used pellet guns, tear gas shells, rubber bullets, as well as assault rifles, resulting in the deaths of more than 90 civilians,with over 15,000 civilians injured and as the result of pellet guns, many people also got blind. Two security personnel also died while over 4,000 personnel were injured in the riots.
CONCLUSION
Respected Sir, Army Chief General Bipin Rawat
I think the things which i said in this don’t require a conclusion. Actually a country which had the power of leading the world became the worst enemies ever. Only because of power issues. But we can never revolve back that time. No one is going to sacrifice anything again. Yes, from both can do something. Otherwise i salute the words of Army Chief General Bipin Rawat. A no. Of casualties have been faced & the name of martyrs have increased maximum of their limit.
JAI HIND
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